Under Scots law the parents of a "legitimate" child have the rights of guardianship in respect of their child with the consequent powers to act in the

D’une part, il ressort des pièces du dossier que la demande de permis de construire a été réceptionnée par la commune de Chailly-en-Bière le 27 décembre 2021.

Article 10 – Jurisdiction in cases of child abduction “In case of wrongful removal or retention of the child, the courts of the Member State where the child was habitually resident immediately before the

A child shall be protected from psychological, physical, economic and any other form of exploitation or abuse. A child born out of wedlock shall have the same rights as a child born in wedlock.

to the father of a child born out of wedlock.

et de rejeter les demandes de la commune de Chailly-en-Brie ; 3°) en tout état de cause, de mettre à la charge de la commune de Chailly-en-Brie le versement d'une somme de 3 000 euros sur le fondement

(“the mother”) lived as a married couple in Romania and in 2016 had a child. On 7 January 2017 the mother took the child with her to the Republic of Moldova and refused to return the child. 3.

that the legal parent-child relationship was determined by the national law governing the child at the time of his or her birth.

and the mother and the need to avoid causing the child psychological trauma, it would be inappropriate to remove the child to the other place of residence”. 24 .

In the absence of such interactions, joint custody of the child may be a source of continuous conflict that would be incompatible with the best interests of the child.

According to the applicant, the mother alienated the child from him and the authorities were not sufficiently active to help him restore his relationship with his child. QUESTIONS TO THE PARTIES 1.

Following his request, another interview of the child was carried out by the police; it was also recorded.

The applicant underwent a DNA test to determine whether he was the father of the younger child.

As regards the child residence, the court ruled that the child should live with the applicant.

On 7 December 2021, the applicant sought enforcement of the latter interim measure, as no contact had been established between him and the child.

The court also issued a certificate stating that the removal of the child had been “wrongful” under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction.

In 2010 the couple’s child was born there. The child holds Polish and British citizenships. 4.     In 2012 the applicant divorced the child’s mother.

Three months later, however, this family was no longer prepared to accept the child. The applicant decided to entrust the child to a neighbouring couple while she went to work.

In February 1997, during a visit, the father fled to the United States with the child.