CEDH · CASELAW;COMMUNICATEDCASES;ENG — 7 septembre 2018

.s800EAC49 { font-size:12pt } .sFE10DC93 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center } .sBB9EE52A { font-family:Arial } .sA6BC7FA7 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:14.2pt; text-align:right } .s9793A85B { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:14.2pt } .s5E1364CA { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:12pt; text-align:center; page-break-inside:avoid; page-break-after:avoid; font-size:14pt } .s8229ABDD { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:12pt; text-align:center } .s68C46B95 { margin-top:36pt; margin-bottom:12pt; text-align:center } .s3F59B822 { font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold; text-transform:uppercase } .sA8776625 { margin-top:18pt; margin-left:29.2pt; margin-bottom:12pt; text-indent:-17.6pt; page-break-inside:avoid; page-break-after:avoid } .s29100277 { font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold } .s4DDA3AA3 { font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic } .sA36B60A1 { font-family:Arial; font-style:italic } .sD3B63DAD { margin-top:36pt; margin-bottom:12pt; page-break-inside:avoid; page-break-after:avoid; font-size:14pt } .s76CF415B { page-break-before:always; clear:both } .s32563E28 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt } .s8CACEEF2 { width:117.46%; border-collapse:collapse } .s6C2A95DF { width:6.38%; border:0.75pt solid #949494; padding:1.02pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:top; background-color:#dfdfdf } .s9EC3D245 { margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:6pt; text-align:center; font-size:11pt } .sEECE831 { font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold; color:#474747 } .sBAF009A3 { width:29.94%; border:0.75pt solid #949494; padding:1.02pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:top; background-color:#dfdfdf } .sDCA36D8D { width:19.12%; border:0.75pt solid #949494; padding:1.02pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:top; background-color:#dfdfdf } .s2B8A8AAC { width:27.1%; border:0.75pt solid #949494; padding:1.02pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:top; background-color:#dfdfdf } .sE7593841 { width:17.46%; border:0.75pt solid #949494; padding:1.02pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:top; background-color:#dfdfdf } .s68207EE7 { width:6.38%; border:0.75pt solid #949494; padding:1.02pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:top } .s6B505E72 { margin:0pt; padding-left:0pt } .sD6143557 { margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:6pt; font-family:Arial; font-size:10pt; list-style-position:inside } .s38F34D94 { width:22.66pt; font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; display:inline-block } .sE52B564E { width:29.94%; border:0.75pt solid #949494; padding:1.02pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:top } .s782E430E { margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:6pt; font-size:10pt } .s192F63F3 { width:19.12%; border:0.75pt solid #949494; padding:1.02pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:top } .s86F01337 { width:27.1%; border:0.75pt solid #949494; padding:1.02pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:top } .s4AA8B09A { margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:6pt; text-align:justify; font-size:10pt } .sE50CC373 { width:17.46%; border:0.75pt solid #949494; padding:1.02pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:top } .sE3ACE089 { height:73.75pt } .sEAC9682F { width:17.1pt; font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; display:inline-block } .s2EB42ED2 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt }   Communicated on 7 September 2018   THIRD SECTION Application no. 62380/12 Fatima Anzorovna AVSANOVA and others against Russia lodged on 30 April 2012 STATEMENT OF FACTS A list of the applicants is set out in the appendix. A.     The circumstances of the case The facts of the case, as submitted by the applicants, may be summarised as follows. B.     Relevant information from the case Tagayeva and Others v.   Russia The facts of the present case are connected to the Tagayeva and Others case (nos. 26562/07 and 6 others, ECHR 2017 (extracts)). Both cases concern the terrorist attack at a school in Beslan, North Ossetia, on 1 ‑ 3   September 2004 and the authorities’ response to it. The hostage-taking occurred at the opening ceremony of the academic year at a school in Beslan, a town bordering with the region of Ingushetia, where the terrorists had gathered and trained. For over fifty hours more than 30 heavily armed terrorists associated with the Chechen separatist movement held captive over 1,000 people, the majority of them children. A number of hostages were killed by the terrorists on 1-2 September 2004. Following explosions, fire and an armed intervention on 3 September 2004, over 330 people lost their lives (including over 180 children) and over 750 people were injured. All but one terrorist were killed; the surviving terrorist was tried and sentenced to life imprisonment. Two groups of policemen, from Ingushetia and North Ossetia, were charged with criminal negligence related to the failures in the prevention of the terrorist act. The Government took measures to compensate the victims and to rehabilitate the community after the devastating attack. The Tagayeva and Others judgment was based on the material lodged by the applicants and submitted by the Government. It included documents from four sets of criminal investigations, three criminal trials, two sets of civil proceedings for compensation, two reports by parliamentary groups and one dissenting opinion thereon, books and articles written in the aftermath, copies of forensic and expert reports in respect of each applicant and/or their relatives, the applicants’ own statements to the Court and independent expert reports. The judgment covered admissible complaints by 409 Russian nationals (grouped in seven applications) who had either been taken hostage and/or injured in the incident, or are family members of those killed. In its judgment, the Court found that there had been a violation of several aspects of Article 2: a failure to protect against a known and foreseeable threat to life from a terrorist act, a breach of the State’s obligation to investigate, a failure to plan and control the use of lethal force so as to minimise the risk to life and excessive use of lethal force. The Court further concluded that there had been no violation of Article 13 of the Convention. Under Article   41, the Court individualised awards to each of the 409 applicants depending on the degree of injuries and the family ties with the deceased. Finally, the Court made findings under Article 46 of the Convention. It indicated the need for a variety of measures aimed at drawing lessons from the past, raising awareness of applicable legal and operational standards, and deterring similar violations in the future. It also held that the future requirements of the pending investigation into the incident must be determined with regard to the Court’s conclusions about the investigation’s failures. C.     The applicants in the present case The applicants in the present case are thirty nine individuals who had either been taken hostage and/or injured in the incident, or are family members of those killed. They introduced their complaints on 14 September 2012. COMPLAINTS A.     Alleged violations of Article 2 of the Convention Relying on Article 2 of the Convention, the applicants complained about violations of the right to life on the following accounts. First, they argued that there has been a breach of the positive obligation to protect life and the school security had not been properly ensured prior to the attack. Next, they argued that the obligation to investigate the loss of life has not been complied with. Criminal and other procedures have failed to establish all the relevant circumstances of the tragic events and to identify the persons responsible; only one person has been found guilty. The victims and their relatives have not been accorded full access to the documents of the criminal investigation, as a result they have not been able to argue their positions. Many of their demands and applications brought in the proceedings have been dismissed or left without proper consideration. Then, the fighting, which entailed numerous deaths and injuries, was the direct consequence of the first explosion and the responsibility of the OH should have been elucidated in this respect. The storming of the building was not undertaken with the primary aim of preserving lives and there was disproportionate use of force. They also argued that the OH, in its negotiation strategy, chose not to be guided by the need to preserve the hostages’ lives above all. B.     Other alleged violations The applicants further considered that their rights guaranteed by Article 6 of the Convention have been violated. Finally, the applicants complained under Article 13 of the Convention about lack of effective domestic remedies in respect of the violations alleged. QUESTIONS TO THE PARTIES 1.     All applicants listed in the Appendix table to the present report are requested to verify the correctness of the spelling of their names and surnames and other personal information. All applicants are requested to refer to the numbering in the Appendix table.   2.     Having regard to the State’s positive obligation under Article 2 of the Convention to take measures to protect individuals whose life is at risk from the criminal acts of other individuals, where the authorities know or ought to have known of the existence of that risk, did the authorities comply with this obligation in the present case?   3.     Having regard to the procedural protection of the right to life, was the investigation in the present case in breach of Article   2 of the Convention?   4.     Has the right to life, ensured by Article 2 of the Convention, been violated in the present case in respect of those applicants and their relatives who were held hostage on 1-3 September 2004?   In particular, did the State comply with the obligation to plan and control the operation involving the use of lethal force so as to minimise the risk to life?   Was the use of lethal force by the State agents on 3 September 2004 more than absolutely necessary?   5.     The Government are requested to submit all documents which would be relevant to the answers to the above questions and, in particular, demonstrating developments in the criminal investigation file no. 20/849 after 2012, if any. APPENDIX   No. First name / last name / date of birth / place of residence Representative Sustained injury / relationship to other hostages and/or applicant Other                   Fatima Anzorovna AVSANOVA 15/06/1952 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                     Bella Anatolyevna AVSANOVA 25/11/1987 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (grave injuries)                     Alina Khazbiyevna BADZIYEVA 02/04/1994 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                     Sarmat Vadimovich BOLLOYEV 30/04/1998 Vladikazkaz Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                     Zalina Semenovna BOLLOYEVA 02/01/1968 Vladikavraz Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Wife of dead hostage Bolloyev Vadim Vladimirovich 1965 and mother of dead children hostages Bolloyeva Zarina Vadimovna 1993 and Bolloyeva Madina Vadimovna 1995                     Madina Feliksovna DULAYEVA 03/10/1980 Beslan   Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                     Artur Taimuroazovich DZAGOYEV 03/12/1996 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (grave injuries)                     Amaga Valeryevna DZUTSEVA 09/09/1991 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (grave injuries)                     Aiteg Elbrusovich GADZHINOV 15/03/1993 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                 Valeriya Muslimovna GAFUROVA 02/06/1996 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                 Zara Aleksandrovna GAITOVA 29/05/1940 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                 Malik Maratovich KALCHAKEYEV 12/08/1991 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                 Olga Vyacheslavovna KARLOVA 23/09/1965 Beslan   Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Daughter of Sautenkova Viktoriya 1945 (dead hostage) and of Karlov Ivan 1932 (dead hostage)                 Samurbek Makharbekovich KESAYEV 29/01/1994 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (grave injuries)                 Taimuraz Makharbekovich KESAYEV 10/09/1990 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (grave injuries)                 Larisa Kazbekovna KESAYEVA 08/09/1969 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (grave injuries)                 Irina Ivanovna KHABLIYEVA 20/01/1966 Belsan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Mother of dead hostage Khabliyev Batraz Eduardovich 1992                 Kristina Eduardovna KHABLIYEVA 22/11/1991 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Escaped (medium gravity injuries)                 Irina Totrazovna KHADARTSEVA 10/05/1927 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Grandmother of dead hostage Sozanova Madina Yuryevna 1993                 Zoya Georgiyevna KHAMITSAYEVA 14/06/1946 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Mother of dead hostage Dzampayeva Svetlana Dudarovna 1976, and grandmother of dead hostages Dzampayeva Agunda Arturovna 1997, Dzampayev Aspar Arturovich 2002, son-in-law Dzampayev Artur Taimyrazovich 1964                 Khazbi Sultanbekovich KHODOV 01/03/1990 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                 Anna Alekseyevna MARGIYEVA 13/02/1992 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                 Azamat Kazbekovich MELIKOV 16/03/1990 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (grave injuries)                 Taimuraz Kazbekovich MELIKOV 07/11/1988 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (grave injuries)                 Alina Yanislavovna NALDIKOYEVA 08/05/1993 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                 Alla Olegovna NOGAYEVA 02/09/1997 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries), sister of dead hostage Nogayeva Marina Olegovna 1992                 Elina Olegovna NOGAYEVA 14/03/1995 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries), sister of dead hostage Nogayeva Marina Olegovna 1992                 Zalina Olegovna NOGAYEVA 22/02/1991 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries), sister of dead hostage Nogayeva Marina Olegovna 1992                 Raisa Zenonovna SAGUTONOVA 05/12/1949 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                 Anatoliy Vladimirovich SIKOYEV 09/05/1960 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (grave injuries)                 Vladislav Anatolyevich SIKOYEV 25/08/1990 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries), son of dead hostage Muriyeva Galina Astemirovna 1968                 Anzhelika Anatolyevna SIKOYEVA 17/12/1996 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries), daughter of dead hostage Muriyeva Galina Astemirovna 1968                 Zalina Mironovna TAUCHELOVA 26/04/1968 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Mother of dead hostages Tauchelova Irina Arturovna 1990 and Tauchelova Svetlana Arturovna 1991                 Ruslan Georgiyevich TEBIYEV 17/08/1937 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Husband of dead hostage Tebiyeva Larisa Afanasyevna 1949; Son-in-law of Frayev Ruslan Mikhailocivh (dead hostage) 1967; Mother-in-law Frayeva Fariza Aslanbekovna (dead hostage) 1930                 Elmira Nikolayevna TEDEYEVA 05/06/1980 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries), mother of dead hostage Maliyeva Svetlana Aslanovna 2001                 Khetag Aslanovich MALIYEV 05/07/2000 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries) brother of dead hostage Maliyeva Svetlana Aslanovna 2001                 Fatima Taimurazovna TOKAYEVA 06/01/1991 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)                 Madina Taimurazovna TOKAYEVA 12/05/1989 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (grave injuries)                 Oksana Magometovna TSARAYEVA 27/03/1974 Beslan Ella Kesayeva Boris Tagayev Hostage (medium gravity injuries)