CEDH · CASELAW;DECISIONS;DECCOMMISSION;ENG — 31 mars 1993

.sDD6737AE { font-size:11pt } .s211D6B00 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal; widows:0; orphans:0; font-size:8.5pt } .sBB9EE52A { font-family:Arial }                                     FIRST CHAMBER                           AS TO THE ADMISSIBILITY OF                         Application No. 19546/92                       by Nazrul MIAH, Jasmine MIAH,                       Mahbub-ul-ISLAM and Mathab MIAH                       against the United Kingdom           The European Commission of Human Rights (First Chamber) sitting in private on 31 March 1993, the following members being present:              MM.    J.A. FROWEIN, President of the First Chamber                  F. ERMACORA                  G. SPERDUTI                  E. BUSUTTIL                  A.S. GÖZÜBÜYÜK            Sir    Basil HALL            Mr.    C.L. ROZAKIS            Mrs.   J. LIDDY            MM.    M. PELLONPÄÄ                  B. MARXER              Mrs. M.F. BUQUICCHIO, Secretary to the First Chamber           Having regard to Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms;         Having regard to the application introduced on 14 February 1992 by Nazrul MIAH, Jasmine MIAH, Mahbub-ul-ISLAM and Mathab MIAH against the United Kingdom and registered on 26 February 1992 under file No. 19546/92;         Having regard to the report provided for in Rule 47 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission;         Having deliberated;         Decides as follows:   THE FACTS         The first applicant is a citizen of Bangladesh, born in 1959 and resident in Bangladesh.   The second applicant, his wife, is a British citizen of Bangladeshi origin, born in 1965 and resident in England. The third applicant is their son, of British citizenship, born in 1987 and resident with his mother.   The fourth applicant is the first applicant's father, a British citizen of Bangladeshi origin, born in 1931 and resident in England.         They are represented before the Commission by Ms. Kate Fitzpatrick of the North Islington Law Centre, London.         The facts of the present case, as submitted by the applicants and which may be deduced from documents lodged with the application, may be summarised as follows:         The first applicant applied for entry clearance in the mid 1970's to join his father in the United Kingdom where the latter had settled. Entry clearance was refused as he was not believed to be related to his father as claimed.   In October 1989 DNA blood analysis revealed that they very probably were related, but entry clearance was this time refused on 9 January 1992 because the first applicant was over 18 years of age and was no longer considered to be his father's dependent.   The first applicant has strong ties in Bangladesh where he lives and works with his brother and paternal uncles on the family's 12 acre farm which provides for the whole family's needs.         The Secretary of State's policy in such cases is that entry clearance will only be granted if, inter alia, the child, albeit an adult, could establish significant dependency on the parent, as well as compassionate circumstances to justify an exception to the 18 year age limit.         In a letter from the Home Office dated 15 January 1992, addressed to the applicants' Member of Parliament, the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State noted that in the present case there was no evidence to support the first applicant's claim to be dependent on his father, the fourth applicant.   The latter was 60 years old and had been in ill health and living on public funds for some time.   It was further stated that no remittance receipts had been produced to support the claim that money was sent by the fourth applicant.   Given the income from the family land and from a shop owned by the first applicant's uncle, any dependency on money sent from the United Kingdom was of choice rather than necessity.         In the meantime the first applicant visited England in 1985 and met the second applicant.   They married within a month of meeting.   A separate entry clearance application was refused because the competent officer was not satisfied that the primary purpose of the marriage had not been to obtain admission to the United Kingdom.   Appeals were made to an Adjudicator and Immigration Appeal Tribunal, the latter giving its decision on 14 August 1989.   An application for judicial review was refused by the High Court on 19 November 1990.     COMPLAINTS         The applicants complain that the refusal of entry clearance to the first applicant constituted a violation of Article 8 of the Convention, for which they have no remedy, contrary to Article 13 of the Convention.     THE LAW   1.     The applicants complain that the refusal of entry clearance for the first applicant was in breach of Article 8 (Art. 8) of the Convention, paragraph 1 of which guarantees, inter alia, the right to respect for family life.   Whilst the Convention does not guarantee a right, as such, to enter or remain in a particular country, the Commission has constantly held that the exclusion of a person from a country where his close relatives reside may raise an issue under this provision (e.g. No. 7816/77, Dec. 19.5.77, D.R. 9 p. 219; No. 9088/80, Dec. 6.3.82, D.R. 28 p. 160, and No. 9285/81, Dec. 6.7.82, D.R. 29 p. 205).   2.     The Commission will first deal with the applicants' complaint about the refusal to allow the first applicant to join his father, the fourth applicant, in the United Kingdom.         In examining cases of the present kind the Commission's initial task is to consider whether a sufficient link exists between the relatives concerned as to give rise to the protection of Article 8 (Art. 8) of the Convention (cf. No. 9492/81, Dec. 14.7.82, D.R. 30 p. 232).   Generally, the protection of family life under Article 8 (Art. 8) involves cohabiting dependents, such as parents and their dependent, minor children.   Whether it extends to other relationships depends on the circumstances of the particular case.   In immigration cases, relationships between adults, a father and his 33 year old son in the present case, would not necessarily attract the protection of Article 8 (Art. 8) of the Convention without evidence of further elements of dependency, involving more than the normal, emotional ties (No. 10375/83, Dec. 10.12.84, D.R. 40 p. 196).         The Commission understands the applicants' frustration arising from the initial refusal in the 1970s to grant entry clearance before their relationship could be proved by DNA blood testing.   If they had been able to prove their relationship earlier the first applicant would have been likely to have been granted entry to the United Kingdom. However, no allegation of bad faith on the part of the immigration authorities has been made by the applicants.   In this connection the Commission recalls its constant case-law that such verification procedures, as existed in the United Kingdom in the 1970s and which gave immigrants a fair opportunity to present their family life claims, satisfied the requirements of Article 8 (Art. 8) of the Convention (No. 8378/78, Kamal v. the United Kingdom, Dec. 14.5.80, D.R. 20 p. 168). The Commission considers therefore that its examination of the case under Article 8 (Art. 8) of the Convention must be limited to the applicants' present day circumstances and the nature of their relationship now.           As regards the facts of the present case, the Commission notes that the first applicant has strong ties with Bangladesh, where he has lived all his life.   He lives and works with his brother and paternal uncles on the family farm which provides enough for the whole family's needs.   The claim that the first applicant is financially dependent on the fourth applicant has not been substantiated.   In these circumstances the Commission finds that it has not been shown that there exists a sufficiently close link between these two applicants which could be deemed to require the protection afforded by Article 8 (Art. 8) to family life.   It concludes therefore that the present case does not disclose any appearance of a breach of the right to respect for family life, within the meaning of Article 8 para. 1 (Art. 8-1) of the Convention.   Accordingly this part of the application must be rejected as being manifestly ill-founded, within the meaning of Article 27 para. 2 (Art. 27-2) of the Convention.   3.     The second limb of the applicants' complaint under Article 8 (Art. 8) of the Convention concerns the refusal to allow the first applicant to join his wife and child, the second and third applicants, in the United Kingdom.   However the Commission is unable to deal with this aspect of the complaint as the applicants have failed to observe the six months' rule laid down in Article 26 (Art. 26) of the Convention.   The final decision on this matter was taken by the High Court refusing judicial review on 19 November 1990, but the complaint was not lodged with the Commission before 14 February 1992.   It follows that this part of the application must be rejected pursuant to Articles 26 and 27 para. 3 (Art. 26, 27-3) of the Convention.   4.     The applicants next complain that they did not have an effective remedy for their Article 8 (Art. 8) claims.   Article 13 (Art. 13) of the Convention guarantees effective domestic remedies to everyone whose Convention rights and freedoms have been violated.         The Commission has considered this aspect of the applicants' case in two parts: first as regards the refusal of entry clearance for the father/son reunification, secondly as regards the refusal of entry clearance for the husband/wife reunification.         Concerning the first part, the Commission recalls that Article 13 (Art. 13) of the Convention does not require a remedy under domestic law in respect of every alleged violation of the Convention.   It only applies if the individual can be said to have an "arguable claim" of a violation of the Convention (Eur. Court H.R., Boyle and Rice judgment of 27 April 1988, Series A No. 131, p. 23, para. 52).   In the light of the reasons established above for rejecting the father/son complaint under Article 8 (Art. 8) of the Convention, the Commission finds that the applicants cannot be said to have an "arguable claim" of a violation of their Convention rights necessitating a remedy under Article 13 (Art. 13).   It follows that this part of the complaint under Article 13 of the Convention must be rejected as being manifestly ill- founded within the meaning of Article 27 para. 2 (Art. 27-2).     5.     Concerning the second part, the Commission notes that the applicants did have channels of appeal at their disposal in the form of the Adjudicator, Immigration Appeal Tribunal and the High Court by way of judicial review.   They tried these remedies, albeit without success.   However, the word "remedy" in Article 13 (Art. 13) of the Convention does not mean a remedy bound to succeed, but simply an accessible remedy before an authority competent to examine the merits of a complaint.   In immigration matters of the present kind, the Commission recognises that at least the Adjudicator and Immigration Appeal Tribunal offer this kind of effective remedy.   The Commission concludes, therefore, that the applicants had effective remedies under English law for this aspect of their complaint, remedies which satisfied the requirements of Article 13 (Art. 13) of the Convention. It follows that this part of the application is also to be rejected as being manifestly ill-founded, within the meaning of Article 27 para. 2 (Art. 27-2) of the Convention.           For these reasons, the Commission unanimously         DECLARES THE APPLICATION INADMISSIBLE.     Secretary to the First Chamber         President of the First Chamber            (M.F. BUQUICCHIO)                       (J.A. FROWEIN)