Whatever mode is employed, the authorities must act of their own motion once the matter has come to their attention (see, for example, mutatis mutandis , Ilhan v.

  21986/93, §§ 83-88, ECHR 2000 ‑ VII; and İlhan v. Turkey [GC], no.   22277/93, §§ 61-62, ECHR 2000 ‑ VII?   2.

For practical reasons, Mr Theofilou will continue to be called “the eighth applicant” although Ms Theofilou is now to be regarded as such (see Hasan İlhan v.

considers that the circumstances in which the applicants found themselves certainly caused them to feel vulnerable, powerless, and apprehensive of the representatives of the State (see, mutatis mutandis , İlhan

However, the remedy required by Article 13 must be “effective” in practice as well as in law (for example, İlhan v. Turkey [GC], no. 22277/93, § 97, ECHR 2000-VII).

      The choice of the remedies would be up to the Contracting State (see, for example, İlhan v. Turkey [GC], no. 22277/93, §   109, ECHR   2000 ‑ VII).

arises next is whether the minimum level of severity required for a violation of Article 3 of the Convention can be regarded as having been attained in the instant case (see, among other authorities, İlhan

deal with the substance of an “arguable” Convention complaint and to grant appropriate relief (see Smith and Grady v. the United Kingdom , nos. 33985/96 and 33986/96, §   135, ECHR 1999-VI, and İlhan

The lack of appropriate medical treatment may amount to treatment contrary to Article 3 (see Ilhan v. Turkey [GC] no. 22277/93, ECHR 2000-VII, § 87).

They are therefore estopped from raising this objection to the admissibility of the application now (see Hasan İlhan v. Turkey , no.   22494/93, § 103, 9 November 2004). 71.

Turkey [GC], no. 21986/93, § 83, ECHR 2000 ‑ VII, İlhan v. Turkey [GC], no. 23763/94, § 61, ECHR 2000 ‑ VII, Gül v.

The applicant requested one of these doctors, Dr   İlhan, to make a statement about his conversation with the Governor but he refused, as he was frightened of the consequences.

Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by five Bulgarian nationals, Mr Aleksandar Krastev Savov, Ms Donka Mihaylova Savova, Mr Mihail Aleksandrov Savov, Mr   Damyan Aleksandrov Savov, and Mr   Ilin

A   lack of appropriate medical care may amount to treatment contrary to Article 3 of the Convention (see İlhan v.   Turkey [GC], no.   22277/93, § 87, ECHR 2000-VII, and Sarban v.

A lack of appropriate medical care may amount to treatment contrary to Article 3 (see İlhan v. Turkey [GC], no. 22277/93, § 87, ECHR 2000-VII; Naumenko v. Ukraine , no.

leave it to the initiative of the next of kin either to lodge a formal complaint or to take responsibility for the conduct of any investigatory procedures (see, for example, mutatis   mutandis , İlhan

the applicant, and it must then examine whether, in all the circumstances of the case, the applicant did everything that could reasonably be expected of him or her to exhaust domestic remedies (see İlhan

A lack of appropriate medical care may amount to treatment contrary to Article 3 of the Convention (see İlhan v. Turkey [GC], no.   22277/93, § 87, ECHR 2000-VII, and Sarban v.

cannot leave it to the initiative of the next of kin either to lodge a formal complaint or to take responsibility for the conduct of any investigatory procedures (see, for example, mutatis mutandis , İlhan