The second Engel test, and that on which the appellant’s argument depended, directed attention to the very nature of the offence. ... 18.

    The Court’s established case-law sets out three criteria, commonly known as the “ Engel criteria” (see Engel and Others v. the Netherlands , 8   June 1976, Series A no. 22), to be considered

    The Court’s established case-law sets out three criteria, commonly known as the “ Engel criteria” (see Engel and Others v. the Netherlands , 8   June 1976, Series A no. 22), to be considered

        Le requérant fut renvoyé en jugement devant le tribunal de Milan dans les affaires Eni-Sai, Banco Ambrosiano, Enimont, Metropolitana Milanese, Cariplo et Enel.

   The impugned decision was evidently taken with a view to preserving order in the armed forces, a legitimate aim for the purposes of Article 10 para. 2 (art. 10-2) (see the Engel and Others

  Court H.R., Engel and others judgment of 8 June 1976, Series A No. 22).

Belgium [GC], no. 26780/95, § 32, ECHR 1999 ‑ VII; and Engel and Others v. the Netherlands , 8 June 1976, §§ 82 and 83, Series A no. 22). 52.

    The Court reiterates that the applicability of Article 6 falls to be assessed on the basis of the three criteria outlined in the Engel judgment (see Engel and Others , cited above, §§ 82

; Art 2 P7 • Right of appeal in criminal matters • Heavy customs fine imposed without proportionality assessment and not open to challenge before “higher tribunal” • Whether penalty “criminal” under Engel

    The Court’s established case-law sets out three criteria, commonly known as the “ Engel criteria” (see Engel and Others v. the Netherlands , 8   June 1976, Series A no. 22), to be considered

that the person concerned risked incurring), as spelled out in the Court’s judgment in Engel and Others v. the Netherlands (8 June 1976, §   82, Series A no. 22).

However, the passage from Engel and Others should, I consider, be read with some caution for several reasons.

criteria” ( Engel and Others v. the Netherlands , 8 June 1976, §   82, Series A no. 22) would lead to the finding that a criminal sanction had in fact been imposed. 46.

Par des mémoires en défense, enregistrés les 18 mars 2024, 12 juillet 2024 et 3 février 2025, ce dernier n'ayant pas donné lieu à communication, la société Atosca, représentée par Me Enckell, conclut,

Citing the Court’s case-law on the subject (in particular the judgments in the cases of Engel and Others v. the Netherlands , 21 February 1984, Ozturk v.

Il n'y a pas lieu de rechercher sur quoi elle se fondait, la liste dressée à l'article 14 (art. 14) n'étant pas limitative (arrêt Engel et autres du 8 juin 1976, série A n o 22, p. 30, par. 72). III.

    Se fondant sur les trois critères découlant de l’arrêt Engel et autres c.

Convention in cases such as the present one, the Court must bear in mind the particular characteristics of military life and its effects on the situation of individual members of the armed forces (see the Engel

Par un mémoire, enregistré le 26 octobre 2022, la société de développement et de gestion des énergies renouvelables (SODEGER) Haut Lorraine, représentée par Me Enckell, conclut : 1°) à l'annulation