It held inter alia that according to the available evidence the applicant had been handcuffed because he had had a violent attitude both prior and after he had been placed into the police car.

had not, and had never had, the status of a charged or accused person in Kazakhstan, but only that of a suspect.

When they had put the applicant in the ambulance he had had blood on his face, and they had left him in the ambulance face down and wearing handcuffs.

They asked him who had hit him and the applicant responded that it had been the officer who had been holding him.

that it had applied to a situation in which the aliens had presented themselves at a land border and had been returned from there to the neighbouring country.

The interviews had not been conducted by the same agents who had participated in the missions.

As he had been aggressive, an altercation between him and T.P. had arisen. T.P. had overpowered him, the applicant had fallen on the floor and his nose had started bleeding.

The domestic courts had sought to show that the applicant’s conduct, which had been sanctioned on a number of occasions in minor-offence proceedings, had eventually reached the threshold of seriousness

The police had planned on stopping the vehicle in which M. and the applicant had driven away from the latter’s apartment but had failed.

The Regional Court had established that the fact that the victim’s testimony had been given two years after the events had in no way prevented her statement from being very detailed.

It was nonetheless true that the witnesses had given conflicting testimonies; all the officials and some of the passers-by had denied that any violence had occurred while all the villagers had stated the

They had arrived at the scene later; they had not determined the identity of I.S., who had told them that M.N. had felt sick; owing to such information, they had called the emergency services and had notified

It was established that the pistol had been cocked and had fired two rounds, but had failed to fire a third shot.

had had her mobile phone in her possession; whether she had informed anyone by telephone; whether she had put up resistance; whether she had screamed; and whether she had implicitly given consent; (ii)

The police officers had shouted warnings and when the demonstrators had failed to heed to those warnings, the police officers had had to resort to the use of physical force and tear gas.

The group had used sophisticated undercover operations techniques and had been engaged in a highly dangerous activity, an activity which had been allegedly ongoing at the time the arrest had been made.

“fatal” diagnosis had “shocked” the patient, who had “started counting his days”, had lived a “nightmare” and had considered himself “doomed”.

He had refused the medical assistance offered to him and had said that he had had no objections to the conduct of the police officers. 12.

    The police officers who had arrived at the scene testified that they had no doubts that E.Š. had been the driver, since his body had been in a typical driver’s position, with his feet next