The applicants complained that their right to a fair hearing had been breached on account of the domestic courts’ failure to properly and timeously notify them of hearings in the civil proceedings

before the Court of Appeal could not be admitted in evidence unless they had had the opportunity to confront A.B. in a court hearing and address questions to him.

Moreover, in the determination of criminal charges, hearing the defendant in person should nevertheless be the general rule.

    The Code of Criminal Procedure 1960, as in force at the material time, read as follows: Article 18 Publicity of hearing In all courts hearings shall be public, save for when this may endanger

Violation of Article 6 - Right to a fair trial (Article 6 - Criminal proceedings;Article 6-1 - Public hearing)

    In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ... everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing ... by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law.

Violation of Article 6 - Right to a fair trial (Article 6 - Civil proceedings;Article 6-1 - Fair hearing)

    The applicants complained that the interference caused by the retrospective application of Law no. 183/2010 to pending proceedings had affected their right to a fair hearing under Article

Violation of Article 6 - Right to a fair trial (Article 6 - Civil proceedings;Article 6-1 - Fair hearing)

relied on Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article   6   §   1 “In the determination of ... any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing

At the end of the hearing, the trial court ordered the release of eleven of the twelve defendants. 18.

Violation of Article 6 - Right to a fair trial (Article 6 - Civil proceedings;Article 6-1 - Fair hearing)

Violation of Article 6 - Right to a fair trial (Article 6 - Civil proceedings;Article 6-1 - Fair hearing)

Violation of Article 6 - Right to a fair trial (Article 6 - Criminal proceedings;Article 6-1 - Fair hearing)

that, in view of the circumstances of the case, a hearing would not be justified. 13.

    The relevant part of Article 6 § 1 provides: “In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ... everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by [a] ... tribunal ...”

Violation of Article 6 - Right to a fair trial (Article 6 - Civil proceedings;Article 6-1 - Fair hearing)

#xa0; 6 of the Convention, which relevant part reads as follows: Article   6 §   1 “In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ..., everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing

alleging that the domestic courts have failed to observe specific procedural safeguards laid down in that Article or that the conduct of the proceedings as a whole did not guarantee the applicant a fair hearing