Greece , no. 40907/98, §   46, ECHR   2001-II).

The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of:   András Sajó, President,   Nona Tsotsoria,   Krzysztof Wojtyczek,   Egidijus Kūris,   Gabriele

Thus, when witnesses do not attend to give live evidence, there is a duty to enquire whether that absence is justified (see Gabrielyan , cited above, § 78). 45.

  Russia , no. 13769/04, § 37, 5 February 2009, Gabrielyan v.   Armenia , no.   8088/05, § 85, 10 April 2012, and Palchik v. Ukraine , no.   16980/06, § 36, 2 March 2017).

(compare with Gabrielyan v. Armenia , no. 8088/05, §   85, 10 April 2012, and Murtazaliyeva v. Russia [GC], no.

Georgia, The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of:   Síofra O’Leary, President,   Gabriele Kucsko-Stadlmayer,   André Potocki,   Yonko Grozev

De Gaetano,   Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque,   Krzysztof Wojtyczek,   Iulia Motoc,   Gabriele Kucsko-Stadlmayer,   Marko Bošnjak, judges, and Andrea Tamietti, Deputy Section Registrar

Greece , no. 40907/98, § 46, ECHR   2001-II). 58.

Romania, The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of:   Gabriele Kucsko-Stadlmayer, President ,   Tim Eicke,   Faris Vehabović,   Armen Harutyunyan

Zupančič,   Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque,   Krzysztof Wojtyczek,   Iulia Antoanella Motoc,   Gabriele Kucsko-Stadlmayer, judges, and Françoise Elens-Passos, Section Registrar, Having

Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of:   András Sajó, President,   Nona Tsotsoria,   Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque,   Egidijus Kūris,   Iulia Motoc,   Gabriele

(Fourth Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of:   András Sajó, President,   Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque,   Krzysztof Wojtyczek,   Egidijus Kūris,   Iulia Motoc,   Gabriele

De Gaetano,   Nona Tsotsoria,   Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque,   Krzysztof Wojtyczek,   Egidijus Kūris,   Gabriele Kucsko-Stadlmayer, judges, and Marialena Tsirli, Section Registrar

De Gaetano,   Nona Tsotsoria,   Krzysztof Wojtyczek,   Iulia Motoc,   Gabriele Kucsko-Stadlmayer,   Marko Bošnjak, judges, and Marialena Tsirli, Section Registrar, Having deliberated

As to the proceedings on appeal, there is no indication that the applicant specifically requested the Court of Appeal to summon those witnesses at the appeal stage (contrast Gabrielyan v.

  Greece (dec.), nos. 57665/12 and 57657/12, §   31, 7 May 2013, with further references). 73.

Section), sitting on 12   March 2019 as a Chamber composed of:   Angelika Nußberger, President,   Yonko Grozev,   Ganna Yudkivska,   André Potocki,   Síofra O’Leary,   Gabriele

Zupančič,   Nona Tsotsoria,   Krzysztof Wojtyczek,   Egidijus Kūris,   Gabriele Kucsko-Stadlmayer, judges, and Francoise Elens-Passos, Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private

The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting on 9   November 2021 as a Chamber composed of:   Yonko Grozev, President,   Tim Eicke,   Armen Harutyunyan,   Gabriele