Royaume-Uni [GC], n o 5878/08, §   237, 30   mars 2016, et Giuliani et Gaggio c. Italie [GC], n o 23458/02, § 305, CEDH 2011 (extraits)). 114.

Ghidotti, arrêt du 21/02/02, définitif le 21/05/02   10 000   € 09/08/2002 31663/96 Giagnoni et Finotello, arrêt du 19/12/02, définitif le 19/03/03   18 000 2 000 € 23/04/2003 62842/00 Giuliani

  36832/97, § 63, 24   June 2008; and Giuliani and Gaggio v. Italy [GC], no. 23458/02, § 174, ECHR 2011 (extracts)).

une ressortissante italienne née en 1937, résidant à ROME      Rodolfo GIOVANNINI est un ressortissant italien né en 1935, résidant à MANTOVA      Giancarlo GIULIANI

    The Court notes that the relevant general principles concerning the effectiveness of the investigation were summarized in Giuliani and Gaggio v.   Italy [GC] (no.

  65, § 161, and Giuliani and Gaggio v. Italy [GC], no. 23458/02, § 181, ECHR   2011 (extracts)). 57 .

  50196/99, § 139, ECHR 2005 ‑ II, and Giuliani and Gaggio v. Italy [GC], no. 23458/02, § 179, ECHR 2011 (extracts)).

of the facts and to a determination of whether the force used was or was not justified in the circumstances and of identifying and – if appropriate – punishing those responsible (see, inter alia , Giuliani

Ghidotti, judgment of 21/02/02, final on 21/05/02   10 000   € 09/08/2002 31663/96 Giagnoni and Finotello, judgment of 19/12/02, final on 19/03/03   18 000 2 000 € 23/04/2003 62842/00 Giuliani

fundamental character, Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention contain a procedural obligation to carry out an effective investigation into alleged breaches of the substantive limb of these provisions (see Giuliani

stress that the procedural obligation under the Convention requires that the investigation must be accessible to the victims to the extent necessary to safeguard their legitimate interests (see   Giuliani

Bulgaria , no. 1108/02, § 192, 5 November 2009; and Giuliani and Gaggio v. Italy [GC], no. 23458/02, § 302, ECHR 2011 (extracts)). 54.

The use of force, however, must be no more than “absolutely necessary” for the achievement of one of the purposes set out in sub-paragraphs (a), (b) or (c) (see Giuliani and Gaggio v.

Angelo GARBARINO 1965 Natalino GECHELE 1960 Giacomo GHEZZI 1939 Dante GHILARDI 1950 Rosangela GIAMPAOLINO 1960 Mario Antonio GIAMPAOLINO 1967 Stefano GIMIGNANI 1963 Tommaso GIORGETTI 1968 Alan Luca GIULIANI

The specific requirements of the duty to investigate can be found in Mustafa Tunç and Fecire Tunç (cited above, §§ 169-82; see also Giuliani and Gaggio v.

  50385/99, §§   58-59, ECHR 2004-XI, and Giuliani and Gaggio v. Italy [GC], no.

the Court’s task to substitute its own assessment of the facts for that of the domestic courts and, as a general rule, it is for those courts to assess the evidence before them (see, among others, Giuliani

policing operations must secure a system of adequate and effective safeguards against arbitrariness and abuse of force, and even against avoidable accident (see Makaratzis , cited above, § 58, and Giuliani

    It cannot be inferred that Article 2 may entail the right to have third parties prosecuted or sentenced for a criminal offence ( Giuliani and Gaggio v.