The domestic investigation had thus been sufficiently independent for the purposes of Article 2.

Thus, the average number of persons committed to detention on remand per month decreased from 10 000 in 2001 to 3 700 in September-October 2002.

The applicant had thus no reason to doubt that the criminal investigation would be effective and capable of providing redress.

Thus, in the present case, the applicant was not a member of a vulnerable group.

On appeal, the Judge of Appeals (P) confirmed those findings in a final judgment of 30 April 2025.

The method used by the domestic courts to secure the conviction was thus questionable.

The applicants’ claims were thus dismissed and as a result they lost around two-thirds (67%) of their pensions.

The Court was thus chiefly concerned with the purpose underlying the pre-trial detention.

Those who had made a specific application to a court were accorded ordinary civil status under French law (French Civil Code).

On the election date in April 2004 polling stations in those two districts failed to open.

Those rules did not appear to be in issue, nor had the applicant alleged that they lacked safeguards against abuse.

    Those claims were examined on the merits by courts at three levels of jurisdiction in the framework of three separate sets of proceedings.

It had thus constituted a significant financial burden even for the average citizen, let alone the applicant whose monthly income had consisted of the equivalent of EUR 164 in disability benefits.

submissions and thus to have the opportunity to submit a memorandum in reply (violation of Article 6§1) (see details in Appendix);   Having invited the government of the respondent state to inform

Those implications as well as the risks of abuse and error entailed in the provision of PAD weighed heavily in the balance when assessing if and how to accommodate the interests of those who wished to

Those companies manufactured several brands of cigarettes and distributed them in France.

The applicant thus faced a risk of expulsion at any time.

The court of appeal itself had used those reports to conclude that such a situation violated human dignity.